Esam Eldin Kabbashi

Is Insecticide Selectivity a Reality?: Susceptibility of the Aphid Predator Cheilomenes Propinqua Vicina (Mulsant) to 13 Insecticides Commonly Used in Sudan Esam Eldin Kabbashi

The use of insecticides has brought a lot of benefits to agricultural production, no doubt. However, the use of these agricultural inputs has dismerits such as the development of insect resistance, the persistence in the environment, the hazards to the non-target animals, the irrational cost, and the poisoning risk to man. However, the integrated management approach is the solution for this dilemma. This system relies on the rationality of these different methods of control in a harmony to attain the best outcome. That is, the biocontrol success, generally, can give 16% control but without harming the environment, the cultural control can give acceptable control, whereas the other miscellaneous methods such as autocidal control and botanical insecticides are of importance with regard to the safety parameters and the organic production. The chemical control is of prime importance, yet, due to the achievements in the quality and quantity of the products. Moreover, a package of all these methods needs a keen selection of insecticides that are effective and have least risk to non-targets. This work runs the route of IPM encycolpaedia and adds to it perhaps.