Editores Taylor & Francis Ltd

Cover for Debamitra Kar · Conflict Zone Literatures: A Genre in the Making (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Conflict Zone Literatures: A Gen... (2024)

Cover for Patricia A. Schechter · El Terrible: Life and Labor in Pueblonuevo, 1887-1939 - Microhistories (Hardcover Book) (2024)

El Terrible: Life and Labor in P... (2024)

Patricia A. Schechter

Cover for Sander Bekeschus-Thomas Von Woedtke · Redox Biology in Plasma Medicine - Oxidative Stress and Disease (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Redox Biology in Plasma Medicine... (2024)

Sander Bekeschus-Thomas Von Woedtke

Cover for Karl Mertens-Line Ryberg Ingerslev · Phenomenology of Broken Habits: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives on Habitual Action - Routledge Research in Phenomenology (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Phenomenology of Broken Habits: ... (2024)

Karl Mertens-Line Ryberg Ingerslev

Cover for Katarzyna Piwowar-Sulej · Sustainability and Agile Project Management: Methodologies for Sustainable Development - Routledge Frontiers in Project Management (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Sustainability and Agile Project... (2024)

Katarzyna Piwowar-Sulej

Cover for Maria Slowey-Richard Taylor · Academic Freedom in Higher Education: Core Value or Elite Privilege? (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Academic Freedom in Higher Educa... (2024)

Maria Slowey-Richard Taylor

Cover for Maria Slowey-Richard Taylor · Academic Freedom in Higher Education: Core Value or Elite Privilege? (Paperback Book) (2024)

Academic Freedom in Higher Educa... (2024)

Maria Slowey-Richard Taylor

Cover for Carolyn Cordery-Jean-Luc Moriceau-Ivo De Loo-Hugo · Accountability Research: Ethnographic Methods in Organisation and Accounting - Business for Society (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Accountability Research: Ethnogr... (2024)

Carolyn Cordery-Jean-Luc Moricea...

Cover for Francesco Campagnari · The Institutionalisation of Civic Initiatives: Practices, Public Effects and Models of Direct Civic Action in Europe (Hardcover Book) (2024)

The Institutionalisation of Civi... (2024)

Francesco Campagnari

Cover for Ines Veiga Pereira-Paulo Botelho Pires-Jose Duarte · Digital Marketing: Analyzing its Transversal Impact (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Digital Marketing: Analyzing its... (2024)

Ines Veiga Pereira-Paulo Botelho...

Cover for Matthew Warshauer · Creating and Failing the 9/11 Generation: The Real Story of September 11 (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Creating and Failing the 9/11 Ge... (2024)

Matthew Warshauer

Cover for Matthew Warshauer · Creating and Failing the 9/11 Generation: The Real Story of September 11 (Paperback Book) (2024)

Creating and Failing the 9/11 Ge... (2024)

Matthew Warshauer

Cover for Yongyan Li · Perspectives on Plagiarism in China: History, Genres, and Education - Routledge Contemporary China Series (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Perspectives on Plagiarism in Ch... (2024)

Cover for Mousumi Dutta · Maternal and Child Health in India: Networks and Information Diffusion (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Maternal and Child Health in Ind... (2024)

Cover for Wycislak, Slawomir (Jagiellonian University, Poland) · Real-Time Visibility in Supply Chain Management: Theories, Technologies, and Tensions - Routledge Advances in Production and Operations Management (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Real-Time Visibility in Supply C... (2024)

Wycislak, Slawomir (Jagiellonian...

Cover for Zhang, Shaodan (Xi’an International Studies University, China) · Sino-Muslims, Networking, and Identity in Late Imperial China: Longstanding Natives and Dispersed Minorities - Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Sino-Muslims, Networking, and Id... (2024)

Zhang, Shaodan (Xi’an Internatio...

Cover for David Grant · Populism, Artificial Intelligence and Law: A New Understanding of the Dynamics of the Present (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Populism, Artificial Intelligenc... (2024)

Cover for Hung Phu Bui-Raghvendra Kumar-Nilayam Kumar Kamila · Innovations and Applications of Technology in Language Education - Advances in Computational Collective Intelligence (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Innovations and Applications of ... (2024)

Hung Phu Bui-Raghvendra Kumar-Ni...

Cover for Conte, Giampaolo (Department of Philosophy, Communication and Performance, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy.) · A History of Capitalist Transformation: A Critique of Liberal-Capitalist Reforms - Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy (Hardcover Book) (2024)

A History of Capitalist Transfor... (2024)

Conte, Giampaolo (Department of ...

Cover for Aron Rodrigue-Valerie Mcguire · Italian Fascism in Rhodes and the Dodecanese Islands, 1922–44 - Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Italy (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Italian Fascism in Rhodes and th... (2024)

Aron Rodrigue-Valerie Mcguire

Cover for Moez Ltifi · Advances in Digital Marketing in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Case Studies and Data Analysis for Business Problem Solving - Advances in Digital Technologies for Smart Applications (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Advances in Digital Marketing in... (2024)

Cover for Bianca Rita Cataldi · Industrial Literature and Authors: Labor, Factory Utopias, and Testimonial Intent - Routledge Studies in Twentieth-Century Literature (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Industrial Literature and Author... (2024)

Bianca Rita Cataldi

Cover for Monika Jedynak · Corporate Social Responsibility and the Supply Chain: CSR Collaboration with Suppliers - Routledge Open Business and Economics (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Corporate Social Responsibility ... (2024)

Cover for Poetter, Thomas S. (Trinity University With) · Curriculum Fragments: A Currere Journey through Life Processes - Studies in Curriculum Theory Series (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Curriculum Fragments: A Currere ... (2024)

Poetter, Thomas S. (Trinity Univ...

Cover for Susan Turner Haynes · Faith in Foreign Aid: Religious Organizations’ Engagement with USAID - Routledge Research in Religion and Development (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Faith in Foreign Aid: Religious ... (2024)

Susan Turner Haynes

Cover for Bangladesh Debapriya Bhattacharya-Towfiqul Islam · COVID-19 and Bangladesh: Inclusion, Disaggregation and Transition - COVID-19 in Asia (Hardcover Book) (2024)

COVID-19 and Bangladesh: Inclusi... (2024)

Bangladesh Debapriya Bhattachary...

Cover for Dana Statton Thompson-Ricardo Lopez-Leon · Connecting Visual Literacy to Theory: Revisiting the Disruptions of Visual Thinkers in Education and Beyond (Paperback Book) (2024)

Connecting Visual Literacy to Th... (2024)

Dana Statton Thompson-Ricardo Lo...

Cover for Dana Statton Thompson-Ricardo Lopez-Leon · Connecting Visual Literacy to Theory: Revisiting the Disruptions of Visual Thinkers in Education and Beyond (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Connecting Visual Literacy to Th... (2024)

Dana Statton Thompson-Ricardo Lo...

Cover for Manas, Manuel (Complutense University of Madrid, Spain) · Boundary Value Problems for Linear Partial Differential Equations (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Boundary Value Problems for Line... (2024)

Manas, Manuel (Complutense Unive...

Cover for Agata Sudolska-Kamil Zawadzki · Human Capital Management in the Contemporary Workplace: Enhancing Organisation Sustainability - Routledge Research in Human Resource Management (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Human Capital Management in the ... (2024)

Agata Sudolska-Kamil Zawadzki

Cover for Christoph Scheuch · Tidy Finance with Python - Chapman & Hall / CRC The Python Series (Paperback Book) (2024)

Tidy Finance with Python - Chapm... (2024)

Christoph Scheuch

Cover for Christoph Scheuch · Tidy Finance with Python - Chapman & Hall / CRC The Python Series (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Tidy Finance with Python - Chapm... (2024)

Christoph Scheuch

Storytelling in Marketing and Br... (2024)

Cover for Karolina Kluczewska-Rick Fawn-Oleg Korneev · EU–Central Asian Interactions: Perceptions, Interests and Practices - Central Asian Studies (Hardcover Book) (2024)

EU–Central Asian Interactions: P... (2024)

Karolina Kluczewska-Rick Fawn-Ol...

Cover for Majid D. Beni · Scientific Explanation, Causality, and Agency: A Free Energy Account - Routledge Studies in the Philosophy of Science (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Scientific Explanation, Causalit... (2024)

Cover for Emily Finlay-Rochelle Spencer-Patrick Kilby-Joyce · Rethinking Gender in Development Practice: Lessons from the Field (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Rethinking Gender in Development... (2024)

Emily Finlay-Rochelle Spencer-Pa...

Cover for Alberto Brown · Private Law and Competition Regulation: A Comparative Study - Routledge Research in Competition Law (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Private Law and Competition Regu... (2024)

Cover for Elsa Stamatopoulou · Indigenous Peoples in the International Arena: The Global Movement for Self-Determination - Indigenous Peoples and the Law (Paperback Book) (2024)

Indigenous Peoples in the Intern... (2024)

Elsa Stamatopoulou

Cover for Elsa Stamatopoulou · Indigenous Peoples in the International Arena: The Global Movement for Self-Determination - Indigenous Peoples and the Law (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Indigenous Peoples in the Intern... (2024)

Elsa Stamatopoulou

Cover for Chen, Jenny K. (Morgan Stanley, U.S.A) · Financial Data Analytics with R: Monte-Carlo Validation (Paperback Book) (2024)

Financial Data Analytics with R:... (2024)

Chen, Jenny K. (Morgan Stanley, ...

Cover for Chen, Jenny K. (Morgan Stanley, U.S.A) · Financial Data Analytics with R: Monte-Carlo Validation (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Financial Data Analytics with R:... (2024)

Chen, Jenny K. (Morgan Stanley, ...

Cover for Shani Friedman · Global Governance and the International Law of the Sea: The Evolution and Practice of the Continental Shelf Regime - Routledge Research on the Law of the Sea (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Global Governance and the Intern... (2024)

Cover for Thakur, Kutub (New Jersey City University, New Jersey, USA) · Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models: An Introduction to the Technological Future (Paperback Book) (2024)

Artificial Intelligence and Larg... (2024)

Thakur, Kutub (New Jersey City U...

Cover for Thakur, Kutub (New Jersey City University, New Jersey, USA) · Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models: An Introduction to the Technological Future (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Artificial Intelligence and Larg... (2024)

Thakur, Kutub (New Jersey City U...

Cover for Natalia Satyro · Social Policies in Times of Austerity and Populism: Lessons from Brazil (Paperback Book) (2024)

Social Policies in Times of Aust... (2024)

Cover for Zhentong Gao · Intelligent Fatigue Statistics (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Intelligent Fatigue Statistics (2024)

Cover for Natalia Satyro · Social Policies in Times of Austerity and Populism: Lessons from Brazil (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Social Policies in Times of Aust... (2024)

Cover for Wei Lu · Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Shielding Materials (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Electromagnetic Wave Absorption ... (2024)

Cover for Ming, Zhao (The University of Hong Kong) · Matteo Ricci and the Missionary Role in the Evolution of Chinese Lexicon - Interdisciplinary and Transcultural Approaches to Chinese Literature (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Matteo Ricci and the Missionary ... (2024)

Ming, Zhao (The University of Ho...

Cover for Johan Alvehus · Crafting Your Thesis: Making Use of Qualitative Approaches (Paperback Book) (2024)

Crafting Your Thesis: Making Use... (2024)

Cover for W. Andrew Achenbaum · Soulful Aging (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Soulful Aging (2024)

W. Andrew Achenbaum

Cover for A. Dirk Moses-Diana Dumitru · The Russian Invasion of Ukraine: Victims, Perpetrators, Justice, and the Question of Genocide (Hardcover Book) (2024)

The Russian Invasion of Ukraine:... (2024)

A. Dirk Moses-Diana Dumitru

Cover for Meaghan Weatherdon-Seth Schermerhorn · Movement and Indigenous Religions (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Movement and Indigenous Religions (2024)

Meaghan Weatherdon-Seth Schermer...

Cover for Johan Alvehus · Crafting Your Thesis: Making Use of Qualitative Approaches (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Crafting Your Thesis: Making Use... (2024)

Cover for Stuart-Smith, Robert (University of Pennsylvania, USA) · Behavioural Production: Semi-Autonomous Approaches to Architectural Design, Robotic Fabrication and Collective Robotic Construction (Paperback Book) (2024)

Behavioural Production: Semi-Aut... (2024)

Stuart-Smith, Robert (University...

Cover for Amin Rostami-Hodjegan-Rodrigo Cristofoletti · The Art and Science of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetics Modeling (Hardcover Book) (2024)

The Art and Science of Physiolog... (2024)

Amin Rostami-Hodjegan-Rodrigo Cr...

Cover for Elizabeth A. Brett-Rosemary H. Balsam-Lawrence Lev · The Legacy and Promise of Hans Loewald - The Lines of Development (Hardcover Book) (2024)

The Legacy and Promise of Hans L... (2024)

Elizabeth A. Brett-Rosemary H. B...

Cover for Hlobil, Ulf (Concordia University, Canada) · Reasons for Logic, Logic for Reasons: Pragmatics, Semantics, and Conceptual Roles (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Reasons for Logic, Logic for Rea... (2024)

Hlobil, Ulf (Concordia Universit...

Cover for Lindell, Johan (Uppsala University, Sweden) · Bourdieusian Media Studies - Routledge Focus on Media and Cultural Studies (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Bourdieusian Media Studies - Rou... (2024)

Lindell, Johan (Uppsala Universi...

Cover for Fred A. Bonner Ii-Terrell L. Strayhorn-Nicholas D. · Belonging in Higher Education: Perspectives and Lessons from Diverse Faculty - Diverse Faculty in the Academy (Paperback Book) (2024)

Belonging in Higher Education: P... (2024)

Fred A. Bonner Ii-Terrell L. Str...

Cover for Fred A. Bonner Ii-Terrell L. Strayhorn-Nicholas D. · Belonging in Higher Education: Perspectives and Lessons from Diverse Faculty - Diverse Faculty in the Academy (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Belonging in Higher Education: P... (2024)

Fred A. Bonner Ii-Terrell L. Str...

Cover for Kaya, Muammer (Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey) · Recovery of Lithium from Secondary Resources: Recycling Technologies of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Recovery of Lithium from Seconda... (2024)

Kaya, Muammer (Eskisehir Osmanga...

Cover for Debra Romanick Baldwin · The Routledge Companion to Joseph Conrad - Routledge Literature Companions (Hardcover Book) (2024)

The Routledge Companion to Josep... (2024)

Debra Romanick Baldwin

Cover for Karalay, Gangadhar (RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, India) · Sociology of Ageing: A South Asia Perspective (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Sociology of Ageing: A South Asi... (2024)

Karalay, Gangadhar (RTM Nagpur U...

Cover for Anand Nayyar-Mohd Naved-Justyna Zywiolek-Joanna Ro · Modern Technologies and Tools Supporting the Development of Industry 5.0 (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Modern Technologies and Tools Su... (2024)

Anand Nayyar-Mohd Naved-Justyna ...

Cover for Jonathan Jaime G. Guerrero-Rohani Cena-Navarro-Rau · Biosafety and Biosecurity: Practical Insights and Applications for Low and Middle-Income Countries (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Biosafety and Biosecurity: Pract... (2024)

Jonathan Jaime G. Guerrero-Rohan...

Cover for Ajith Abraham-Utyunjaya Panda-Reuel Ajith-Biju Gop · Computational Intelligence for Oncology and Neurological Disorders: Current Practices and Future Directions - Chapman & Hall / CRC Computational Biology Series (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Computational Intelligence for O... (2024)

Ajith Abraham-Utyunjaya Panda-Re...

Cover for Akshay B R · Machine Learning: A Comprehensive Beginner's Guide (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Machine Learning: A Comprehensiv... (2024)

Cover for Akshay B R · Machine Learning: A Comprehensive Beginner's Guide (Paperback Book) (2024)

Machine Learning: A Comprehensiv... (2024)

Cover for Elizabeth A. Brett-Rosemary H. Balsam-Lawrence Lev · The Emerging Tradition of Hans Loewald - The Lines of Development (Paperback Book) (2024)

The Emerging Tradition of Hans L... (2024)

Elizabeth A. Brett-Rosemary H. B...

Cover for Elizabeth A. Brett-Rosemary H. Balsam-Lawrence Lev · The Emerging Tradition of Hans Loewald - The Lines of Development (Hardcover Book) (2024)

The Emerging Tradition of Hans L... (2024)

Elizabeth A. Brett-Rosemary H. B...

Cover for Zachary Sheldon · Christian Influence: The Subcultural Narratives of Evangelical Celebrities on Instagram - Routledge Research in Religion, Media and Culture (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Christian Influence: The Subcult... (2024)

Zachary Sheldon

Cover for Denish Odanga-Oduor Obura-Obala Musumba-Norman Saa · Insidious Trauma in Eastern African Literatures and Cultures - Routledge Studies in African Literature (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Insidious Trauma in Eastern Afri... (2024)

Denish Odanga-Oduor Obura-Obala ...

Cover for Alberti, Gianmarco (University of Malta, Malta) · From Data to Insights: A Beginner's Guide to Cross-Tabulation Analysis (Hardcover Book) (2024)

From Data to Insights: A Beginne... (2024)

Alberti, Gianmarco (University o...

Cover for Ohjoon Kwon · Steel Odyssey: Tracing the Journey of Humanity Through the Lens of Steel (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Steel Odyssey: Tracing the Journ... (2024)

Cover for Ohjoon Kwon · Steel Odyssey: Tracing the Journey of Humanity Through the Lens of Steel (Paperback Book) (2024)

Steel Odyssey: Tracing the Journ... (2024)

Cover for Jonas Elbousty-Roger Allen · Reading Mohamed Choukri’s Narratives: Hunger in Eden - Routledge Studies in Twentieth-Century Literature (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Reading Mohamed Choukri’s Narrat... (2024)

Jonas Elbousty-Roger Allen

Cover for Bill Emmott · Deterrence, Diplomacy and the Risk of Conflict Over Taiwan - Adelphi series (Paperback Book) (2024)

Deterrence, Diplomacy and the Ri... (2024)

Cover for Dariush Derakhshani · Introducing Autodesk Maya (Paperback Book) (2024)

Introducing Autodesk Maya (2024)

Dariush Derakhshani

Cover for Arthur M. Glenberg · Learning From Data: An Introduction to Statistical Reasoning using JASP (Paperback Book) (2024)

Learning From Data: An Introduct... (2024)

Arthur M. Glenberg

Cover for Arthur M. Glenberg · Learning From Data: An Introduction to Statistical Reasoning using JASP (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Learning From Data: An Introduct... (2024)

Arthur M. Glenberg

Cover for Sharma, Shashikant (Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India) · Planning & Designing Health Care Facilities in Developing Countries (Paperback Book) (2024)

Planning & Designing Health Care... (2024)

Sharma, Shashikant (Armed Forces...

Cover for Alice Margaria-Larissa Vetters · Leading Works in Law and Anthropology - Analysing Leading Works in Law (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Leading Works in Law and Anthrop... (2024)

Alice Margaria-Larissa Vetters

Cover for Alex Moss · Global Real Estate Capital Markets: Theory and Practice (Paperback Book) (2024)

Global Real Estate Capital Marke... (2024)

Cover for Alex Moss · Global Real Estate Capital Markets: Theory and Practice (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Global Real Estate Capital Marke... (2024)

Cover for Kristen Brustad · A Grammar of Arabic (Paperback Book) (2024)

A Grammar of Arabic (2024)

Kristen Brustad

Cover for May Sok Mui Lim-Ramesh Shahdadpuri-Nadya Shaznay P · Coaching Students in Higher Education: A Solution-Focused Approach to Retention, Performance and Wellbeing (Paperback Book) (2024)

Coaching Students in Higher Educ... (2024)

May Sok Mui Lim-Ramesh Shahdadpu...

Cover for May Sok Mui Lim-Ramesh Shahdadpuri-Nadya Shaznay P · Coaching Students in Higher Education: A Solution-Focused Approach to Retention, Performance and Wellbeing (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Coaching Students in Higher Educ... (2024)

May Sok Mui Lim-Ramesh Shahdadpu...

Cover for Francesco Cassata · Racism and Antisemitism in Fascist Italy: The Politics, Ideology, and Imagery of ‘La Difesa della razza’ - Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Italy (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Racism and Antisemitism in Fasci... (2024)

Francesco Cassata

Cover for Christiana Werner-Ingrid Vendrell Ferran · Imagination and Experience: Philosophical Explorations - Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Imagination and Experience: Phil... (2024)

Christiana Werner-Ingrid Vendrel...

Cover for Hong, Jiye (The University of Auckland, New Zealand) · English Medium Instruction in South Korea: Focusing on Language in School and University Classrooms - Routledge Studies in English-Medium Instruction (Hardcover Book) (2024)

English Medium Instruction in So... (2024)

Hong, Jiye (The University of Au...

Cover for Hrvoje Butkovic-Jaksa Puljiz · Crisis Era European Integration: Economic, Political and Social Lessons from Croatia - Routledge Studies in the European Economy (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Crisis Era European Integration:... (2024)

Hrvoje Butkovic-Jaksa Puljiz

Cover for Wendy Garnham · Social Psychology for Foundation Year: Key Ideas for Foundation Courses (Paperback Book) (2024)

Social Psychology for Foundation... (2024)

Cover for Wendy Garnham · Social Psychology for Foundation Year: Key Ideas for Foundation Courses (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Social Psychology for Foundation... (2024)

Cover for Sarah Rees · A Therapist’s Guide to Private Practice: Building a Values-based Business (Paperback Book) (2024)

A Therapist’s Guide to Private P... (2024)

Cover for Sarah Rees · A Therapist’s Guide to Private Practice: Building a Values-based Business (Hardcover Book) (2024)

A Therapist’s Guide to Private P... (2024)

Cover for Roffey, Sue (University of Western Syndney, Australia) · ASPIRE to Wellbeing and Learning for All in Secondary Settings: The Principles Underpinning Positive Education (Paperback Book) (2024)

ASPIRE to Wellbeing and Learning... (2024)

Roffey, Sue (University of Weste...

Cover for Jen-Tsung Chen · Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavonoids (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flav... (2024)

Cover for Rebecca L. Stein · The Anthropology of Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft (Paperback Book) (2024)

The Anthropology of Religion, Ma... (2024)

Rebecca L. Stein

Cover for Kamaldeen O.L Omosanya-Silas S. Dada-Samuel B. Olo · Geology and Natural Resources of Nigeria (Hardcover Book) (2024)

Geology and Natural Resources of... (2024)

Kamaldeen O.L Omosanya-Silas S. ...